ROGUE PLANETS
Rogue planets are those planets which do not belong to any solar system, it is all alone in the galaxy and it orbits it's Galaxy on its own.
Planets means it has enough mass, so it's gravitational power makes it a ball, but the size may vary and when it's atoms collide with each other and start to glow then it will be a star.
These planets were formed in any solar system but Due to some reason it was kicked out from its own solar system. According to the astronomers, the gravity of a larger world may have pulled out the planets from its own solar system. Or maybe a passing star got too close that its gravity took the planet out of its own solar system.
credit: nasa
These planets may have formed too far from their own star. That is the reason it slipped out its star gravity so easily. In our solar system, Pluto is the planet which is in a position where any outside world's gravity can easily take out the planet from our own solar system.
WHEN ROGUE PLANETS WERE FIRST DISCOVERED?
Back in 1990, when the first exoplanet was found, it was believed that all planets must have a Star which they orbits. In 2016, it was first identified by Mróz and his team. According to the report a faint star in the constellation Sagittarius suddenly brightened a bit and after five hours it faded back to normal.
When they measured the mass of the objects they found it could be more massive than our earth or smaller than our earth.
In this dark universe, nothing can be visible without a star's light. Rogue planets don't have their own light, so all the time they appear as a dark object. Only when any star light reaches the planet then it can be visible.
Przemekr Mróz says without any light it must be super cold on these types of planet. And they shared their discovery on 1st November in Astrophysical Journal Letters.
STUDIES ON ROGUE PLANETS
The International Astronomical Union says not only those orbits a star are Planets but if it has atmosphere, core , gravity and essential mass then it is a planet. A Rogue planet supports this definition so it is also a planet.
Mróz and his team studied these planets through a telescope named OGLE which stands for Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. The telescope is located in the Atacama Desert of Chile.
Telescope is set towards the different parts of our own galaxy named milky way where Billions of planets are floating. Astronomers observe the changes of starlight by any dark unidentified objects. This telescope was made to observe 200 million stars in just one night. If it was designed to observe one black dot then it would take over a million years for any black planets to pass by and even the alignment with Earth is also a vital point, according to Mróz.
The OGLE telescope helped to find out thousands of dim stars and more than two dozen rogue planets were found in our own galaxy. But most of the planets are giant gas Planets like Jupiter.
Back in 1990 NASA started it's exoplanets research. In the database of NASA EXOPLANETS ARCHIVE, Rogue planets are still not included yet but Dragomir says NASA is updating their archive to include Rogue Planets. Near our own galactic Bulge there are thousands of rogue planets discovered, some of them are in the size of earth.
From the data from the Kepler K2 mission we get to know that the Kepler Space Telescope scanned the Galactic Bulge and gathered microlensing signals, a phenomenon that can be used to identify objects which include planets and even when they send very little light. The Kepler 2 mission was closed in 2018 but it's collected data is still helping astronomers to identify new planets.
When searching for Rogue planets which are not accompanied by the lights of stars, it is extremely difficult to filter out all the other noise and find those celestial bodies in the dark universe. McDonald, who is an astronomer and a lead author, said that when any planets reflecting light also come in contact with the rogue planets, we can get a chance to identify them.
NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and the European Space Agency’s Euclid both are designed for microlensing signals to confirm free-floating planets or rogue planets.
Rogue planets are not very much valuable to the astronomers as there is less than 1% chance of life existence. But Rogue Planets discovered one thing to the astronomers that without a solar system and light a planet can survive.
Some of the Rogue planets are OGLE-2012-BLG-1323, MOA-2015-BLG-337L, OGLE-2017-BLG-0560 and many more.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt (Caltech-IPAC)
Credit: Nasa
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